Génesis y Geoquímica de Suelos de Paisajes Urbanísticos en la Costa Rusa del Mar Negro
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https://doi.org/10.54139/revinguc.v28i1.1Palabras clave:
suelos subtrópicos de Rusia, transformación en entorno urbano, propiedades geoquímicas de suelosResumen
Comparados con los suelos naturales zonales (tierras parda y amarilla), los suelos de la ciudad de Sochi situada en la costa Rusa del Mar Negro tienen propiedades ácidas alcalinas transformadas; se ve un contenido adicional de humus en los suelos del tipo abrozemo. El pH del agua cambia de 5,8 a 7,5 (valores medios para los horizontes genéticos de suelos); la saturación con álcalis en los horizontes superior y metamórfico estructural BM (árgico) aumentó por casi treinta (de 72,9 a 97,7 %) y cincuenta (de 64,8 a 97,3 %) por ciento. Los abrazemos tienen un contenido del humus dos veces más bajo en comparación con los suelos de fondo. La evaluación del contenido en suelos de diferentes paisajes de Sochi de una amplia gama de elementos químicos (61) que son excesivos y deficientes en relación con el fondo ha demostrado lo siguiente: La contaminación del suelo se debe principalmente a su enriquecimiento con elementos de los horizontes medios del suelo y rocas madre subyacentes que pueden ingresar a los horizontes superiores durante los trabajos de excavación y el relleno de sitios de construcción y carreteras con suelo local. La excepción es el Ca que entra el suelo por medio del tecnogénesis urbano. En el transcurso del monitoreo de suelos urbanos hay que controlar el contenido de Ca, Cu, Ni, Mg, Mn, Cd, K y también el contenido de Cs, Ga, Be, Rb, V, Fe, Li, Al y de nueve elementos de tierras raras (ETR) (Dy, Tb, Sm, Ho, Eu, Gd, Sc, Y, Er) en paisajes urbanos subordinados. El índice total de contaminación de los suelos en la ciudad no es alto y tiene un valor admisible (Zc>16) en las pendientes, encaja en una categoría de peligro ligero (Zc=16−32) en la superficie plana adyacente a la pendiente y en una categoría de peligro alto (Zc<32) en la zona litoral del territorio de los sanatorios.
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