Disminución de la actividad del grafito irradiado y los residuos radioactivos líquidos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54139/revinguc.v28i1.10Palabras clave:
pulsos electromagnéticos de nanosegundos, grafito, radiación, líquido radioactivoResumen
Actualmente, el problema de la desactivación de residuos radioactivos es muy urgente. El método propuesto consiste en exponer la solución acuosa de radionúclido a potentes pulsos electromagnéticos de nanosegundos colocando la solución tratada entre dos electrodos conectados a las terminales del generador. Se aplican pulsos de corriente de polo único con una longitud de 1 ns, amplitud de más de 5 kV y frecuencia de repetición de 1 kHz. Dichos pulsos se pueden obtener de las unidades generadoras con una amplitud de 5 a 15 kV. Tienen una capacidad de pulso de 1 a 4 MW y la capacidad de la red debajo de 50 W. Los pulsos causan la radiólisis del agua y la descomposición rápida de radionúclidos. La radiólisis, causa la generación de electrones hidratados, átomos de hidrógeno y varios radicales que provocan la precipitación de radionúclidos, como 137Cs y 90Sr. Se describen las pruebas y se presentan los resultados experimentales de la influencia de fuertes pulsos electromagnéticos de nanosegundos en las propiedades de las soluciones acuosas con los núclidos radioactivos de 137Cs y 90Sr y en piezas de grafito irradiado. La influencia por 15 minutos de los pulsos en los residuos líquidos reales y soluciones acuosas reduce el tamaño de los núclidos en el agua en 5 a 50 veces. El efecto descrito permanece por veinte días. Se observa el doble de la disminución de actividad beta por 25 minutos en trozos grandes de grafito irradiado. Se desarrolla, ensaya y patenta la unidad de flujo (RU 2726145. MPK G21F 9/28, 2020). Se puede usar esta tecnología para tratar soluciones de emergencia con tritio en la central nuclear de Fukushima.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
