Establecimiento del sistema de embriogénesis somática en Azadirachta indica A. Juss a partir de suspensiones celulares, acoplado a la producción de azadiractina in vitro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54139/revinguc.v29i2.169Palabras clave:
precursor, MS nítrico, regeneración in vitro, suspensión celularResumen
El neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss; Meliaceae), es un árbol leñoso versátil en medicina, remediación y agricultura. En el agrícola, su rol es bioinsecticida, debido al metabolito secundario azadiractina (AZA), únicamente sintetizado por esta especie, cuya concentración óptima, requiere principalmente gran cantidad de semillas, disponibles por un breve lapso de tiempo al año, no obstante, por técnicas biotecnológicas, se puede obtener variedades elite acopladas a un mayor rendimiento en la producción de dicho compuesto, independientemente del periodo del año, por lo cual el objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer el sistema de embriogénesis somática concatenado a la producción in vitro de AZA en suspensiones celulares, a partir de hoja y cotiledón, con distintas concentraciones de citocinina (BAP) y auxinas (2,4–D y AIA) para regenerar plantas y callo no embriogénico, para de este último en medio líquido, evaluar el efecto de distintas proporciones de nitrato/amonio, acetato de sodio y escualeno. En suspensiones celulares se diferenciaron embriones somáticos con 2 mg/L de BAP y 1 mg/L de 2,4-D, luego de 5 meses de cultivo. La máxima producción (52,53 mg/L) de AZA en 14 días de cultivo, se logró empleando simultáneamente nitrato (60 mM), acetato de sodio y escualeno (10 mg/L c/u).
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