Anomalías Tecnogénicas Geoquímicas en Suelos y Sedimentos de Fondo en Voronezh
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https://doi.org/10.54139/revinguc.v28i1.2Palabras clave:
medio urbano, degradación, carga, zonas funcionales, contaminantes, coeficientes de concentración y acumulación, indicador acumulativo de contaminaciónResumen
La contaminación del medio ambiente de ciudades grandes industrializadas es un problema global de actualidad. En Rusia se ve una situación difícil medioambiental casi en todas las ciudades con más de un millón de habitantes y en centros administrativos mayores. La creación de un entorno urbano de alta calidad es una tarea nacional compleja prioritaria que requiere costes materiales intensivos y la solución más urgente posible. Los orígenes de los problemas de territorios urbanizados se hallan en la concentración de capacidades de producción, un crecimiento constante de población y, con ello, la cantidad de vehículos de transporte en uso. Las sustancias de origen natural y tecnogénico concentradas por ciudades industrializadas a través de capacidades productivas forman anomalías geoquímicas locales y hasta regionales en varios paisajes. Una posición distinta entre todos los componentes interrelacionados pertenece a suelos depositantes (acumuladores) y sedimentos del fondo. Los resultados de las pruebas geoquímicas conducidas en 2018-2020 se usan para medir los índices de calidad de los suelos de la localidad. También se determinan los contenidos en el suelo de contaminantes de los clases de peligro I a III (benzopirenos y metales pesados). Se evalúa la acumulación de sustancias contaminantes en los depósitos de fondo del la represa de Voronezh que se halla por completo en el territorio del distrito urbano.
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