Estado del arte. Métodos de desalinización de agua
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54139/revinguc.v28i2.21Palabras clave:
Desalinización, agua de mar, osmosis inversa, evaporación instantánea multietapa, destilación multi efecto.Resumen
El agua de mar desalinizada ha llegado a ser una fuente importante de abastecimiento para grupos poblacionales en todo el mundo debido a la creciente escasez de agua para consumo humano. Muchos factores han aportado en ello, la abundante disponibilidad de agua de mar y salobre, la diversidad de métodos desarrollados, sus continuas mejoras y la paulatina reducción de costos. Los principales métodos usados son la ósmosis inversa, la evaporación instantánea multi etapa y la destilación multi efecto, los cuales han mejorado su eficiencia debido tanto a la experiencia con las plantas desalinizadoras como a las investigaciones y desarrollos teóricos recientes. En este documento se presenta una revisión de los métodos de desalinización, tanto de aquellos que se vienen empleando desde hace tiempo, como de nuevos métodos reportados, así como algunas consideraciones respecto a la energía empleada y los costos del agua desalinizada obtenida.
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