Evaluación de la producción in vitro de azadiractina en Neem según el tipo de callo y los agentes químicos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54139/revinguc.v28i2.27Palabras clave:
acetato de sodio, callo no embriogénico, escualeno, segmento foliar, suspensión celular.Resumen
El neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss; Meliaceae), es una especie arbórea leñosa multipropósito, de gran versatilidad benéfica en agricultura, ambiente y medicina. Para el agrícola, la azadiractina (AZA) como metabolito secundario presenta un importante rol biocontrolador de insectos plaga, cuya concentración óptima para ello, mediante técnicas convencionales, requiere mucha materia prima, principalmente semillas, siendo limitante estas por un periodo de tiempo al año, sin embargo, mediante técnicas de cultivo de tejidos se puede mejorar significativamente el rendimiento de la producción de dicho compuesto, independientemente de la estación del año, por lo cual el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la producción in vitro de AZA en función del tipo de callo (embriogénico “E” y no embriogénico “NE”) derivado de dos diferentes explantes (cotiledón y hoja), con la acción de agentes químicos (precursores; acetato de sodio “AC” y escualeno “ES” en diferentes niveles y combinaciones). La mayor producción de AZA se obtuvo a los 14 días de cultivo en suspensión celular, a partir de callo NE proveniente de secciones de hoja, con solo 50 mg/L de ES (39 mg/L de AZA) o con la combinación de 10 mg/L de AC con 10 mg/L de ES (44,2 mg/L de AZA).
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